CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background Of The Study
English is one of the languages in the world that master in many various field globally. There are many reasons why getting students to read English text is an important part of teacher’s job. Many students want to be able to read texts in English either for careers, for study purposes or simply for pleasure.
Reading is useful for language acquisition provided that students more or less understand what they read, the more they read, the better they get at it. Reading also has a positive effect on students’ vocabulary knowledge, on their spelling and on their writing.
The language and the society are the most significant factors among other factors. When we talk about society of the world, we most also talk about language, which is used by the widest population of the world. We need an international language, which enable people to exchange information on political, cameral, and human relation matters, to transfer the scientific and technological knowledge all over the world. English language has these qualification.
Many countries use English as their second language to be used in their formal institutions as official. Commercial and education language. Many their use English as their first foreign language. To be able to communicate with some foreigners and to be college and universities as educational languages. Indonesia is one of these countries.
According to curriculum of SMA “Tujuan pembelajaran bahasa inggris khususnya membaca di SMA adalah mengasah keterampilan siswa dalam penalaran dan berfikir logis, serta dapat menerapkan keterampilannya untuk mengidentifikasi dan memecahkan masalah dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, sekaligus memperluas kemampuan membaca dan berkomunikasi dengan bahasa inggris”. According to above statement, it is obvious that the students at senior high school are expected to be able to access the knowledge by using their reading skill.
Furthermore, in English final examination at senior high school, most of the question is about reading comprehension which is asked the students to be able to find certain information within it. The students are asked to comprehend the texts fast and correctly to get certain information that is asked by question, in this situation, the students who had a good reading skill will be able to answer all question easily. In the other side, the students without good reading skill will get serious problem, in this case, it is impossible for the students to read the whole text in order to get the answer in limited time. They need appropriate technique to find out certain information in the texts in short time.
Learning reading is not easy process English teacher and students sometimes get some problems related to how study it. There fore, the teacher should know the important to get the target language in teaching English.
Setting up suitable method or technique’s is very important for teacher especially to stimulate the students, motivation in learning to read English. In teaching reading the teacher should select and choose, the suitable methods to achieve certain purposes. It is suggested they be avoid the ineffectiveness of applying technique and methods in teaching learning reading.
There are many technique that teacher can use to improve the students reading skill. From several reading technique, skimming and scanning technique are the most suitable technique to improve the students reading skill skimming and scanning technique can help the students get certain information in the reading text without need to read the whole text.
Unfortunately, there are many students do not have good reading skill and they will get serious problem when they have to find out certain information within reading text. This situation could be happen because of in appropriate teaching technique especially in teaching reading. The improvement of students reading skill the senior high school actually can be used skimming and scanning.
Reading skill various world in language English to form on skill that more excellent compared with skill to observe attentively and speak for Indonesia society. This case that cause an statement a part small only Indonesia society that should to communicated oral speaking with original speaker English language, otherwise, where situation Indonesia.
Skimming and scanning which are also called searching reading which means reading for the purpose of getting out certain ideas from the text according to the reader’s need. Both skimming and scanning, the header only tries to locate specific information and simply let his eyes wander over the text until he finds looking for, wheater it is a name, a date, or a specific information. When skimming, the reader goes through the reading material quickly in order to get the gist of it, to know how it is organized, or to get an idea of the tone or the intention of the writer. Skimming is here for a more through activity which requires an over all view of the text and implies a definite reading competence. Scanning, on the contravy is far more limited since it our purpose. Yet’s it is usual to make use of these two activities when reading a given text for instance, we may well skim through more carefully because we have decided that it is of interest.
The writer selects the skimming and scanning techniques. As a technique to be more comprehending in the learning process especially reading text in the classroom. There are two technique that writer select in reading skill. There are skimming and scanning.
Skimming and scanning are rapid reading techniques. Skimming and scanning should not be confused with previewing which is reading technique. Skimming and scanning should also not be confused with reading rapidly for high comprehension.
Skimming and scanning are low comprehension, technique of skimming is a technique in reading activity where the teachers ask the student the preview, overview, and the survey. Previewing is the activity where the student try to find out wheather the book or the article the students find the difficulty when they try to understand the context or reading text from English textbook, example : to find main idea, main ideas of every paragraph, general idea of the material and the comprehending the textbook.
Big over viewing is the activity where the students try to discover the purpose and the scope of the material and can find section and special interest for them in classroom. By a surveying is the activity where the student try to find quickly and selectively in order to get a general idea of a material given.
Skimming should be use when you want to cover large amounts of material quickly and do not intend to read the material completely at letter time. Skimming to get a general impression of the material and not for high level a comprehension skimming can be very valuable reading and when used property. Scanning is closely related to skimming, but you scan you already have purpose in mind. Scanning means searching for particular information.
Based on the observation and informal talks with the stdents done by the writer, students after had difficulties when face reading text, the students felt confuse to get the main idea of the paragraph, and to find specific information quickly considering the condition, the writer interested to conduct a research to improve the students reading skill through skimming and scanning technique. As an English teacher we must make decision to choose language teaching technique will be most effective. Especially in teaching reading, the writer will propose a case of study that teaching reading through "Improving Reading Skill Through Skimming and Scanning Technique (A Classroom action research) At Eleventh Grade Of SMA YPI ’45 BEKASI”. This technique is used for the purpose to find to the specific information they try to get from the material given.
B. The Identification Of The Problem
From background of study, there writer will identify problems that related in this issue, as follows :
1. What’s the problem ?
2. Why the problem was happened ?
3. Where the problem was happened ?
4. When the problem was happened ?
5. Who’s the students involved ?
6. How the skimming and scanning technique can increase the reading skill at eleventh grade of SMA YPI ’45 Bekasi ?
Students with reading problems lack many of the basic components of reading. Learning to read is a sequential process. Each new skill builds on the mastery of previously learned skills. Each step in the process relates to one of the three components of reading: decoding, comprehension and retention. These are the progressive steps in learning to read that allow us to move from sounds to words to sentences and paragraphs.
Students with reading problems have difficulty comprehending material that they read. Comprehension ultimately depends on the ability to decode and master sight words. When that word recognition becomes automatic, young readers are better able to concentrate on the meaning of whole sentences and paragraphs while they read. As they read, students also learn to simultaneously connect information of what they are reading into what they already know, and stay focused. Students must also be able to organize and summarize the content and readily connect it to what they already know. Reading retention enables students to keep information in their long-term memories and to call upon and apply it in the future.
The problem was happened at eleventh grade of SMA YPI ’45 Bekasi. And this case was happened in academic 2012/2013.
Students involved in this case is a high school student in the eleventh grade YPI '45 Bekasi. Students have problems reading because they lack specific skills necessary for proficient reading.
In this case, students practice and explore the reading skills of skimming and scanning. Introduce the terms “skimming” and “scanning” and discuss when each skill would be useful. “Skimming” is discovering the main ideas of a text by reading first and last paragraphs and topic sentences, and paying attention to other details on the page like titles, bold type or italics, photograph captions, etc. “Scanning” is when one looks down and around a page quickly and efficiently searching for important words, facts or phrases to find specific information. Tell students that during the class activity they will be practicing these two skills.
C. The Focus Of The Problem
The writer is going to limit the problem on improving students reading skill skimming and scanning technique, comprehension on text material reading and improve student’s reading ability. The subject of the research in Senior High School at Eleventh Grade SMA YPI ’45 BEKASI.
D. The Formulation Of The Problem
Based on the limitation of the problem above, the writer formulate the study as Follow : How does the teacher improve the student’s reading skill through skimming and scanning technique at SMA YPI ’45 BEKASI ?
E. The Benefit Of The Research
From the research that has done, the writer get the benefit as follows:
a. For the writer
For the writer, this research also expected gives the benefits to the writer, and gives an experience for the writer himself in teaching English especially in teaching reading by using skimming and scanning technique. Beside that, it also could motivate the writer to increase his reading and teaching skill more.
b. For the English teacher
For the English teacher, this research can be used as a model to improve the quality of his teaching, especially in teaching reading.
c. For the students of SMA YPI ’45 BEKASI
For the Students, the writer was expecting that after conducting this research the students would be aware that the study reading through skimming and scanning technique would provide beneficial effect on improving their reading skill and motivate them in learning English. It is expected for students can be more creative to develop their study in learning English lesson.
d. For STKIP
For the institution, the writer is expected to create an affective and effective instruction of STKIP, to improve the quality of instruction, and to add knowledge for the students of STKIP about the technique of the teaching reading through skimming and scanning technique.
